A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach

• Michael Andresini,
• Leonardo Degannaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.20

• to 16 min, respectively. The complete transformation of vinyl azide 1a was therefore achieved above the boiling point of CPME (106 °C), as enabled by the utilization of a microfluidic reactor. From a technical point of view, the pressure generated during the course of the reaction, due to nitrogen

• good yields. Subsequently, other vinyl azides were tested for this flow-batch two-step procedure (Scheme 3). Starting from vinyl azide 1d, the corresponding 3-(o-tolyl)-2H-azirine (2d) was generated under flow conditions, and reacted with PhLi, HexLi and BuLi, furnishing NH-azirdines 3e–g. Aliphatic

• -azirines. Flow synthesis of 2H-azirines from vinyl azides. aThe solution of vinyl azide was re-introduced twice into the flow system to achieve full conversion. Mixed flow-batch approach for the preparation of functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides. Thermally induced cyclization of 1-(1-azidovinyl

Access to highly substituted oxazoles by the reaction of α-azidochalcone with potassium thiocyanate

• Mysore Bhyrappa Harisha,
• Pandi Dhanalakshmi,
• Rajendran Suresh,
• Raju Ranjith Kumar and
• Shanmugam Muthusubramanian

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2108–2118, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.178

• ; potassium persulfate; thiazole; vinyl azide; Introduction Vinyl azide is one of the most versatile and potent building blocks explored in the synthesis of several heterocycles [1][2][3][4][5]. It can undergo photolysis or thermolysis to afford highly strained three-membered 2H-azirine, which can act as the

• -trisubstituted oxazoles 3. Reaction of vinyl azide 1 and 3 with ferric nitrate. Reactions were carried out at reflux temperature, using 1 (1 mmol), 2 (3 mmol), ferric nitrate (0.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) for 6 h. Yields refer to the pure products after column chromatography. Optimisation studies.a Screening

Photocatalyzed syntheses of phenanthrenes and their aza-analogues. A review

• Alessandra Del Tito,
• Havall Othman Abdulla,
• Davide Ravelli,
• Stefano Protti and
• Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1476–1488, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.123

• onto a vinyl azide (see the case of 16.1 in Scheme 16). Different radicals were used for this purpose. As an example, an α-carboxyethyl alkyl radical was formed from the corresponding α-bromoester under white LED irradiation in the presence of an IrIII-based photocatalyst. The addition of this

Recent advances in photocatalyzed reactions using well-defined copper(I) complexes

• Mingbing Zhong,
• Xavier Pannecoucke,
• Philippe Jubault and
• Thomas Poisson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 451–481, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.42

• vinyl azide sensitization to allow the formation of the corresponding 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole (Scheme 34) [39]. The reaction was promoted by a visible-light irradiation (450 nm) using the complex [Cu(I)(dmp)(BINAP)]BF4, and the desired pyrrole was obtained in quantitative yield. Conclusion Over the

Recent advances on the transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of imidazopyridines: an updated coverage

• Gagandeep Kour Reen,
• Ashok Kumar and
• Pratibha Sharma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1612–1704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.165

• of biologically active imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine derivatives [108]. Encouraged by the direct synthetic strategies for imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines (IPs), Donthiri et al. have reported an efficient Cu-catalyzed C–H functionalization of pyridines with vinyl azide derivatives [109]. Their use of vinyl azide

• derivatives 29 for the synthesis of IPs was unprecedented. In this strategy, vinyl azide acts as a source of nitrogen with the liberation of N2 as a benign byproduct under aerobic and mild reaction conditions (Scheme 11). The protocol has surpassed the use of 2-AP as one of the mostly used reactants and

Continuous multistep synthesis of 2-(azidomethyl)oxazoles

• Thaís A. Rossa,
• Nícolas S. Suveges,
• Marcus M. Sá,
• David Cantillo and
• C. Oliver Kappe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 506–514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.36

• from vinyl azides through an azirine intermediate (Scheme 3). The process starts with the generation of the azirine from the vinyl azide by thermolysis. Formation of azirines from vinyl azides by photolysis and thermolysis in continuous flow has been previously described [38][39]. The azirine

• fully continuous process are described in detail. Results and Discussion Thermolysis of the vinyl azide and oxazole formation. Batch optimization The reaction conditions for the thermolysis of the vinyl azide and the subsequent ring expansion of the intermediate azirine to form the oxazole ring were

• initially optimized in batch. For these experiments, vinyl azide 1a was used as a model substrate. The small-scale batch thermolyses were carried out using sealed 1.5 mL vials heated in an aluminum platform. A 0.5 M solution of substrate 1a was prepared using acetone as the solvent. The experiments were

CF₃SO₂X (X = Na, Cl) as reagents for trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylsulfenyl-, -sulfinyl- and -sulfonylation. Part 1: Use of CF₃SO₂Na

• Hélène Guyon,
• Hélène Chachignon and
• Dominique Cahard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272

• the presence of the organic photocatalyst N-methyl-9-mesitylacridinium (17), CF3SO2Na was converted into CF3• upon visible-light irradiation. The CF3• radical reacted with the vinyl azide to give the iminyl radical 18 that was reduced by Mes-Acr• (Mes-Acr: 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium) into the

[3 + 2]-Cycloadditions of nitrile ylides after photoactivation of vinyl azides under flow conditions

• Stephan Cludius-Brandt,
• Lukas Kupracz and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1745–1750, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.201

• from the corresponding vinyl azide. Keywords: azirines; cycloaddition; flow chemistry; flow reactors; inductive heating; nitrile ylides; photochemistry; vinyl azides; Introduction Recently, photochemistry has seen a renaissance despite the fact that under batch conditions specialized reaction vessels

• substituent in vinyl azide 1e provided dihydropyrrole 5e in unsatisfactory yield. The relative stereochemistry of 5i was determined by comparison with literature data [24]. To our delight, this flow protocol also allowed us to prepare 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole 5j in good yield using diisopropyl

• can be trapped intramolecularly by a nucleophile such as a hydroxy group [25]. This is demonstrated by the photochemical degradation of vinyl azide 1g which yielded 2,5-dihydrooxazole 9 in 76% yield (c = 0.01 M, flow rate = 0.02 mL/min) under flow conditions (Scheme 7). In this case, benzene turned

Multistep flow synthesis of vinyl azides and their use in the copper-catalyzed Huisgen-type cycloaddition under inductive-heating conditions

• Lukas Kupracz,
• Jan Hartwig,
• Jens Wegner,
• Sascha Ceylan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1441–1448, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.168

• . Optimization of the elimination protocol and formation of vinyl azide 4a under batch conditions (entries 1–7) and as a flow protocol (entry 8). Optimization of the reaction of vinyl azide 4b in the inductively heated (IH) copper-catalyzed Huisgen-type cycloaddition. Supporting Information The Supporting